The damage to health

The microplastics

“15-20% of the marine species that end up on our tables contain microplastics”

Micro and nano-plastics are plastic fragments under 5 mm, that spread in the sea and, in general, in the environment. They can be primary, that is, released into the environment as plastic granules, products of tire abrasion and washing of synthetic garments or cosmetic residues, or secondary, that is, produced by the decomposing of plastic poured into the sea. The high percentage of microplastics found- the UN in 2017 assumed the presence of 51,000 billion particles- has triggered much research to verify the possible damage to human health, Direct interactions or interactions through the food chain detected microplastics in salt, bottled water and water distribution networks.

The additives

“Some additives present in plastics are endocrine disrupters”

Although each type of plastic has specific characteristics, these can be modified as needed by mixing with other polymers, or by adding additives. A number of substances used are of concern to health and environmental impact.  Some phthalates (plasticisers), bisphenol A and several flame retardants are considered particularly problematic, as is polystyrene, which contains styrene and benzene, both considered carcinogenic, with harmful effects on the nervous, respiratory and reproductive system. Some of these substances are now banned, while others are subject to checks under the REACH regulation (registration, evaluation, authorization of chemicals, in accordance with the principle "no market data"), which was introduced in 2007.

Phthalates

“Many phthalates have been classified as toxic for the reproductive system by the European Union"

Wide diffusion plasticizers are used to make hard and fragile materials flexible: the 5 most common are DIDP, DINP, DEHP, DPB and BBP. The main use is in flexible PVC, used in common products- es. floor coverings, shower curtains, paints, packaging, leisure and children’s products- in cable construction, exhaust pipes and roof sealant; in the automotive industry and for truck interior coverings and tarpaulins; in medicine for bags and infusion tubes and enteric-coated capsules. Phthalates in contact with liquids or fats may evaporate or dissolve. Absorption can take place with food, saliva, breathing, from the skin. The EU has classified several phthalates as toxic to the human reproductive system and banned their use in children’s products